Know the Bandwidth Limit of Your Satellite Communications Provider Technology Articles | February 24 Cheap Marko Grujic Jersey , 2012
Every customer of satellite broadband services should know how much is his allocated bandwidth, which determines how fast and reliable an Internet connection can be.
Every customer of satellite communications providers should know how much is his allocated bandwidth, which determines how fast and reliable an Internet connection can be. Knowing ?the right way to calculate the bandwidth is very important in selecting the right Internet provider. Internet speed, reach of satellite and uptime differ from one company ?to another. The most appropriate and cost-effective broadband plan will depend on the nature of business Cheap Mamadou Sakho Jersey , frequency of usage and types of Internet usage.
Calculating the Internet bandwidth is not a hard task. Just compute the total ?bandwidth of each amplifier (transponder). Most satellites operated by one carrier. Getting the bandwidth of more than one carrier is more challenging since not all carriers have the same features. Listed below are the key values that should be calculated to determine satellite communications speed, bandwidth and capacity.
The total carrier bandwidth is based on this formula: Symbol Rate (SR) = Data Rate (DR) (modulation factor (m) x Viterbi FEC rate (CRv) x Reed Solomon FEC rate (CRrs)). ?DR is short for ?data rate?, which is measured in terms of ?megabits per second (Mbps ). The DR of the carrier is usually shown in the parameter sheet. It pertains to the amount of data processed by the carrier. Information rate is another term for DR.
The modulation factor has something to do with the transmission scheme that reduces bandwidth during signal transmission. Several modulation schemes are available like 16QAM, ?BPSK Cheap Lucas Leiva Jersey , QPSK, 8PSK, and 8QAM. These are the modulation factors that are applicable to the above equation: 16QAM = 4, 8QAM = 3 Cheap Loris Karius Jersey , ?QPSK = 2, 8PSK = 3 and BPSK = 1. The appropriate modulation scheme is indicated in the carrier?s parameter sheet.?
Additional bits can be included in the data stream by changing the Viterbi Forward Error Correction (FEC) rate. There are several settings that can be used to correct errors, namely 34, 12 Cheap Lazar Markovic Jersey , 23, 34 and 78. ?The amount of information bits is represented by the first number, while the sum of the first number and error correction bits is represented by the second number in each set. The FEC rate can also be found in the parameter sheet of the satellite communications provider.
As for Reed Solomon FEC rate, just interchange 188204 "CRrs" . This rate has the same function as Viterbi FEC Cheap Kevin Stewart Jersey , but unlike the latter, it is a fixed value. Mode for Reed Solomon FEC rate can either be on or off. The parameter sheet also shows the Reed Solomon FEC rate.
Groundbreaking discoveries in the realm of satellite communications give rise to teleports that can support larger satellite bandwidth. ?Jitters and latency are becoming less a problem, and satellite-based communication is likely to further improve in the near future as satellite broadband becomes more cost-effective.
One questions many "for sale by owner" sellers ask is "how can I determine if a potential buyer can afford to buy my house?" In the real estate industry this is referred to as "pre-qualifying" a buyer. You might think this is a complex process but in reality it is actually quite simple and only involves a little math. Before we get to the math there are a few terms you should understand. The first is PITI which is nothing more than an abbreviation for "principal, interest Cheap Jordan Henderson Jersey , taxes and insurance. This figure represents the MONTHLY cost of the mortgage payment of principal and interest plus the monthly cost of property taxes and homeowners insurance. The second term is "RATIO". The ratio is a number that most banks use as an indicator of how much of a buyers monthly GROSS income they could afford to spend on PITI. Still with me? Most banks use a ratio of 28% without considering any other debts (credit cards, car payments etc.). This ratio is sometimes referred to as the "front end ratio". When you take into consideration other monthly debt, a ratio of 36-40% is considered acceptable. This is referred to as the "back end ratio". Now for the formulas: The front-end ratio is calculated simply by dividing PITI by the gross monthly income. Back end ratio is calculated by dividing PITI+DEBT by the gross monthly income. Let see the formula in action: Fred wants to buy your house. Fred earns $50,000.00 per year. We need to know Fred's gross MONTHLY income so we divide $50 Cheap Jon Flanagan Jersey ,000.00 by 12 and we get $4,166.66. If we know that Fred can safely afford 28% of this figure we multiply $4,166.66 X .28 to get $1,166.66. That's it! Now we know how much Fred can afford to pay per month for PITI. At this point we have half of the information we need to determine whether or not Fred can buy our house. Next we need to know just how much the PITI payment is going to be for our house. We need four pieces of information to determine PITI: 1) Sales Price (Our example is 100 Cheap Joel Matip Jersey ,000.00) From the sales price we subtract the down payment to determine how much Fred needs to borrow. This result brings us to another term you might run across. Loan to Value Ratio or LTV. Eg: Sale price $100,000 and down payment of 5% = LTV ration of 95%. Said another way, the loan is 95% of the value of the property. 2) Mortgage amount (principal + interest). The mortgage amount is generally the sales price less the down payment. There are three factors in determining how much the P&I (principal & interest) portion of the payment will be. You need to know 1) loan amount; 2) interest rate; 3) Term of the loan in years. With these three figures you can find a mortgage payment calculator just about anywhere on the internet to calculate the mortgage p. Cheap Jerseys WholesaleCheap JerseysCheap JerseysCheap Jerseys Free ShippingCheap Jerseys China Free ShippingCheap NFL JerseysCheap NFL Jerseys ShopCheap Wholesale NFL JerseysWholesale JerseysWholesale Jerseys From China
